Toss chicken pieces, black pepper, salt, paprika, white pepper, rosemary, thyme, oregano, sage, and cayenne together in a large bowl.
Stir in buttermilk until chicken is evenly coated. Cover and refrigerate for 6 hours.
Combine flour, salt, paprika, cayenne, garlic powder, white pepper, and onion powder in a large shallow dish.
Remove chicken from buttermilk and dredge each piece in seasoned flour; shake off any excess and transfer to a plate.
Heat peanut oil in a large Dutch oven to 350 degrees F (175 degrees C).
Add chicken pieces to the hot oil and fry for 10 minutes. Turn chicken pieces and fry for another 10 to 15 minutes. An instant-read thermometer inserted near the bone should read 165 degrees F (74 degrees C).
Transfer fried chicken to a cooling rack set over a paper towel-lined baking sheet. Let sit for 10 minutes before serving.