Preheat the oven to 350 degrees F (175 degrees C). Line 2 baking sheets with parchment paper.
Whisk flour, baking powder, baking soda, cardamom, cinnamon, and salt together in a bowl.
Cream brown sugar, butter, and white sugar together in a bowl until fluffy. Beat in eggs 1 at a time until thoroughly combined. Mix in instant espresso powder and vanilla extract.
Mix flour mixture into the butter mixture until just combined; do not overmix. Fold in chocolate chips.
Drop dough by the tablespoon onto the prepared baking sheets about 2 inches apart.
Bake in the preheated oven until edges of cookies are set, 10 to 15 minutes. Cool cookies on the pans 2 to 3 minutes before transferring to a wire rack to cool completely.