Turn on a multi-functional pressure cooker (such as Instant Pot®) and select Saute function. Heat for 2 minutes; add vegetable oil. Sear 3 to 4 ribs at a time in the hot oil until nicely browned, about 2 minutes per side. Repeat with remaining ribs. Remove ribs and set aside.
Stir curry paste, ginger, and garlic into the hot pot, scraping up the beef fat and browned bits with a wooden spoon at the bottom of the pot, for about 2 minutes. Pour in coconut milk. Stir in turmeric, curry powder, cumin, chile powder, and garlic salt.
Carefully place your short ribs back into the pot and stir in a folding motion so that the ribs are covered in the curry sauce.
Close and lock the lid. Select Meat/Stew function according to manufacturer's instructions; set timer for 25 minutes. Allow 10 to 15 minutes for pressure to build.
Release pressure using the natural-release method according to manufacturer's instructions, 10 to 40 minutes.