Rinse lentils with cold water until water runs clear. Drain and set aside.
Heat olive oil in a large pot over medium heat. Add garlic and cook until fragrant, about 1 minute. Add carrots and onion. Season with a pinch of salt and pepper to help vegetables release their liquid. Cook, stirring occasionally, until onions are translucent, about 5 minutes.
Add tomatoes and another pinch of salt. Cook, stirring occasionally, for 3 minutes. Stir in vegetable stock and lentils. Increase heat to high and bring to a boil.
Reduce heat to low and cover. Simmer, stirring every so often, for 45 minutes. Stir in coconut milk, curry paste, curry powder, cumin, and chili powder. Simmer, uncovered, for 5 minutes. Season with salt and pepper.