Cut eggs in half lengthwise and put yolks in a small bowl. Add mayonnaise, mustard, chili powder, salt, and pepper. Mash with a fork until smooth. Set filling aside.
Place flour in a small bowl. Beat egg and hot sauce together in a separate bowl. Place panko in a third bowl.
Preheat an air fryer to 400 degrees F (200 degrees C) according to manufacturer's instructions.
Rinse the egg whites and place on a clean work surface. Drop in the bowl of flour; toss until coated. Dip into the beaten egg and then in the panko.
Place breaded egg whites in the air fryer basket. Spray tops with cooking spray. Cook for 3 minutes. Flip and spray tops with more cooking spray. Cook for 4 minutes more.
Place the egg whites on a serving tray and spoon yolk mixture into the centers.