Preheat the oven to 350 degrees F (175 degrees C).
Make sauce: Heat a large skillet over medium-high heat. Cook and stir ground beef in the hot skillet until browned and crumbly, 5 to 7 minutes. Add onion and mushrooms; sauté until onions are transparent. Stir in pasta sauce and cook until heated through. Set aside.
Make filling: Combine cottage cheese, ricotta, eggs, and Parmesan in a medium bowl and set aside.
Spread a thin layer of meat sauce in the bottom of a 13x9-inch dish. Layer with uncooked lasagna noodles, cheese filling, mozzarella, and meat sauce. Continue layering until all components are used, reserving 1/2 cup mozzarella. Cover the dish with aluminum foil.
Bake in the preheated oven for 45 minutes. Remove foil and top with reserved 1/2 cup mozzarella. Continue baking until cheese is melted, about 15 more minutes. Let lasagna stand for 10 to 15 minutes before serving.