Combine cream, broth, garlic, salt, pepper, and Italian seasoning in the bottom of a multi-functional pressure cooker (such as Instant Pot®). Stir to combine. Break pasta in half and lay it on top, making sure pasta is covered with liquid without stirring it. Close and lock the lid.
Select high pressure according to manufacturer's instructions; set timer for 3 minutes. Allow 10 to 15 minutes for pressure to build.
Release pressure carefully using the quick-release method according to manufacturer's instructions, about 5 minutes. Unlock and remove the lid. Stir in Parmesan cheese.