Combine vegetable broth, potatoes, garlic, and 2 teaspoons salt in a multi-functional pressure cooker (such as Instant Pot). Close and lock the lid. Select Steam function according to manufacturer's instructions; set timer for 15 minutes. Allow 10 to 15 minutes for pressure to build.
Release pressure carefully using the quick-release method according to manufacturer's instructions, about 5 minutes. Unlock and remove the lid.
Strain potatoes and place back in the pot; mash until creamy. Mix in butter, milk, and Parmesan cheese. Season with remaining salt and nutmeg.