Combine cauliflower and black garlic in the bowl of a food processor; process until finely "riced". Transfer to a bowl. Add flour, eggs, bread crumbs, baking powder, salt, black pepper, basil, parsley, oregano, rosemary, red pepper flakes, and onion powder. Stir until well combined.
Preheat an air fryer to 400 degrees F (200 degrees C). Line the air fryer basket with parchment paper and spray with cooking spray.
Drop cauliflower mixture onto the parchment paper using a large cookie scoop; flatten slightly with your fingers.
Air fry for 4 to 6 minutes, flip using a spatula, and continue cooking until patties are set, about 1 minute more. Remove from the air fryer and top each patty with 1/4 slice of Swiss cheese. Return to the air fryer and cook until cheese is melted, 30 to 40 seconds more.