Preheat oven to 350 degrees F (175 degrees C). Grease and flour a 9x5-inch loaf pan.
Cream white sugar, brown sugar, and butter together in a large bowl until smooth. Beat in eggs, one at a time. Stir in banana, sour cream, and vanilla.
Whisk flour, baking powder, baking soda, and salt together in another bowl; gently stir into wet mixture just until combined.
Toss together chocolate chips, coconut, and cinnamon in a small bowl. Fold about 2/3 of the mixture into the batter, then pour batter into the prepared pan. Sprinkle with remaining chocolate chip mixture.
Bake until a toothpick inserted into the center of the loaf comes out clean, 60 to 65 minutes. Cool in the pan for 10 minutes, then transfer to a wire rack and cool completely before slicing.